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Fusion energy: Progress, partnerships, and the path to deployment
Over the past decade, fusion energy has moved decisively from scientific aspiration toward a credible pathway to a new energy technology. Thanks to long-term federal support, we have significantly advanced our fundamental understanding of plasma physics—the behavior of the superheated gases at the heart of fusion devices. This knowledge will enable the creation and control of fusion fuel under conditions required for future power plants. Our progress is exemplified by breakthroughs at the National Ignition Facility and the Joint European Torus.
J. E. Rice, J. L. Terry, K. B. Fournier, E. S. Marmar
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 51 | Number 3 | April 2007 | Pages 451-459
Technical Paper | Alcator C-Mod Tokamak | doi.org/10.13182/FST07-A1432
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The Rydberg series (1s2 to 1snp) up to n = 14 of helium-like argon (Z = 18) has been observed from Alcator C-Mod plasmas using a high-resolution X-ray spectrometer array. High-n satellites to these lines of the form 1s22s to 1s2snp and 1s22p to 1s2pnp with 3 n 12 have been recorded. X-ray spectra of 2l - nl' transitions with 3 n 18 in molybdenum (Z = 42) and 3 n 12 in krypton (Z = 36) and niobium (Z = 41) from charge states around neon-like have also been measured. Numerous examples of the configuration interaction, which alters the line intensities in some transitions of neon-like ions with nearly degenerate upper levels, have been observed. Accurate wavelengths of all of these transitions (±0.5 mÅ) have been determined by comparison to neighboring reference lines from H- and He-like charge states. Line identifications have been made by comparison to ab initio atomic structure calculations, using a fully relativistic, parametric potential code. Measured line intensities have been compared with collisional radiative modeling that includes the contributions from dielectronic recombination and inner shell excitation rates, with good agreement.