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Modernizing I&C for operations and maintenance, one phase at a time
The two reactors at Dominion Energy’s Surry plant are among the oldest in the U.S. nuclear fleet. Yet when the plant celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2023, staff could raise a toast to the future. Surry was one of the first plants to file a subsequent license renewal (SLR) application, and in May 2021, it became official: the plant was licensed to operate for a full 80 years, extending its reactors’ lifespans into 2052 and 2053.
J. A. Snipes, N. Basse, P. Bonoli, C. Boswell, E. Edlund, A. Fasoli, R. S. Granetz, L. Lin, Y. Lin, R. Parker, M. Porkolab, J. Sears, V. Tang, S. Wukitch
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 51 | Number 3 | April 2007 | Pages 437-450
Technical Paper | Alcator C-Mod Tokamak | doi.org/10.13182/FST07-A1431
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Energetic particle physics is studied in Alcator C-Mod in reactor relevant regimes with high density and equilibrated electron and ion temperatures. Stable Alfvén eigenmodes are excited with low-power active magnetohydrodynamic antennas in the absence of a significant energetic particle tail to directly measure the damping rate of the modes. Stable toroidal Alfvén eigenmode (TAE) damping rates between 0.5% < / < 4.5% have been observed in diverted and limited plasmas. Alfvén eigenmodes are destabilized with high-power hydrogen minority ion cyclotron radio frequency (ICRF) heating (PICRF < 6 MW) in lower-density plasmas in the current rise and in relatively high-density ([bar]ne < 2.5 × 1020 m-3) H-mode plasmas, which creates an energetic hydrogen ion tail with calculated energies up to 400 keV. Low toroidal mode number (n < 4) unstable modes are observed in the current rise with magnetic pickup coils at the wall and phase contrast imaging density fluctuation measurements in the core. Observations of energetic particle modes or TAEs that decrease in frequency and mode number with time up to a large sawtooth collapse indicate that fast particles play a role in stabilizing sawteeth. Alfvén eigenmodes can also be used as diagnostics to precisely constrain the q profile and provide a qualitative measure of the fast particle distribution time evolution.