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Commercial nuclear innovation "new space" age
In early 2006, a start-up company launched a small rocket from a tiny island in the Pacific. It exploded, showering the island with debris. A year later, a second launch attempt sent a rocket to space but failed to make orbit, burning up in the atmosphere. Another year brought a third attempt—and a third failure. The following month, in September 2008, the company used the last of its funds to launch a fourth rocket. It reached orbit, making history as the first privately funded liquid-fueled rocket to do so.
T. Kaitsuka et al. (19P75)
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 51 | Number 2 | February 2007 | Pages 415-417
Technical Paper | Open Magnetic Systems for Plasma Confinement | doi.org/10.13182/FST07-A1420
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Wave propagation around the ECR layer in the GAMMA 10 plug region is analyzed by calculating the dispersion relation of an electron cyclotron wave in a hot plasma. Then, the spatial distribution of microwave power deposition and the absorption rate along each microwave ray are calculated. The absorption rate is experimentally evaluated by using an array of waveguide antennas. The calculated value well agrees with the experimental one on reasonable assumption that the extraordinary mode shares about 90% of the injected microwave power. This analysis is used to obtain an axisymmetric power deposition distribution. It is shown that the heating wave should be directed somewhat upward than the direction to the on-axis point on the resonance layer. This is because a larger power is deposited in the injection side lower side to the machine axis. For the plug in GAMMA 10, an injection beam with an elliptic cross section is suitable to obtain a circular distribution of power deposition.