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Fusion energy: Progress, partnerships, and the path to deployment
Over the past decade, fusion energy has moved decisively from scientific aspiration toward a credible pathway to a new energy technology. Thanks to long-term federal support, we have significantly advanced our fundamental understanding of plasma physics—the behavior of the superheated gases at the heart of fusion devices. This knowledge will enable the creation and control of fusion fuel under conditions required for future power plants. Our progress is exemplified by breakthroughs at the National Ignition Facility and the Joint European Torus.
D. Nishijima, Y. Kikuchi, M. Nakatsuka, M. J. Baldwin, R. P. Doerner, M. Nagata, Y. Ueda
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 60 | Number 4 | November 2011 | Pages 1447-1450
Interaction with Materials | Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology (Part 2) | doi.org/10.13182/FST11-A12703
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Sequential exposures of W surfaces to steady-state and pulsed (~0.5 ms) plasmas have been performed in a linear divertor plasma simulator and a magnetized coaxial plasma gun to investigate effects of D blisters, nano-sized He bubbles, and He-induced W fuzz on surface cracking by pulsed plasma loads. Surface cracks appeared on samples containing D blisters or He bubbles following 10 shots at ~0.5 MJ/m2 per shot, while a mirror-polished sample with no pre-plasma exposure did not exhibit cracks after similar transient exposures. Note that the cracking is limited to the edge region for a sample with D blisters. This means that the energy density threshold for surface cracking is lowered by the existence of D blisters and, especially, He bubbles. On the other hand, it is found that fuzzy surfaces possess a good resistance to surface cracking, although arcing is prone to occur.