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Fusion Science and Technology
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Glass strategy: Hanford’s enhanced waste glass program
The mission of the Department of Energy’s Office of River Protection (ORP) is to complete the safe cleanup of waste resulting from decades of nuclear weapons development. One of the most technologically challenging responsibilities is the safe disposition of approximately 56 million gallons of radioactive waste historically stored in 177 tanks at the Hanford Site in Washington state.
ORP has a clear incentive to reduce the overall mission duration and cost. One pathway is to develop and deploy innovative technical solutions that can advance baseline flow sheets toward higher efficiency operations while reducing identified risks without compromising safety. Vitrification is the baseline process that will convert both high-level and low-level radioactive waste at Hanford into a stable glass waste form for long-term storage and disposal.
Although vitrification is a mature technology, there are key areas where technology can further reduce operational risks, advance baseline processes to maximize waste throughput, and provide the underpinning to enhance operational flexibility; all steps in reducing mission duration and cost.
M. Kaneko, S. Kobayashi, Y. Suzuki, T. Mizuuchi, K. Nagasaki, H. Okada, Y. Nakamura, K. Hnatani, S. Murakami, K. Kondo, F. Sano
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 50 | Number 3 | October 2006 | Pages 428-433
Technical Paper | Stellarators | doi.org/10.13182/FST06-A1265
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
In the Heliotron J device, the configuration effects on the particle confinement are studied experimentally with tangentially injected neutral beams and a charge-exchange (CX) neutral particle analyzer (NPA) system. The hydrogen neutral beam are co-injected into deuterium plasmas heated by electron cyclotron heating. The detected CX flux increases, as the CX-NPA is oriented to the beam-facing direction. The behavior of the CX flux is studied by changing one of the Fourier components in the magnetic field, the bumpiness component, B04/B00, from 0.01 to 0.15. Here, Bmn is the Fourier component of the magnetic field strength in the Boozer coordinates where the subscript m/n denotes poloidal/toroidal mode numbers. The dependence of the CX flux on the configurations and pitch angle, which represents the change of the loss cone shape predicted by noncollisional orbit calculation, is observed. The bulk deuterium temperature slightly increases with increasing the bumpiness component. The decay time of the CX flux just after the neutral beam is turned off becomes longer with increasing the bumpiness component. By comparison of observation and calculation of the Fokker-Planck equation, the loss time of fast ions in the high-bumpiness configuration is longer than that of the standard configuration in Heliotron J.