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Fusion Science and Technology
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Glass strategy: Hanford’s enhanced waste glass program
The mission of the Department of Energy’s Office of River Protection (ORP) is to complete the safe cleanup of waste resulting from decades of nuclear weapons development. One of the most technologically challenging responsibilities is the safe disposition of approximately 56 million gallons of radioactive waste historically stored in 177 tanks at the Hanford Site in Washington state.
ORP has a clear incentive to reduce the overall mission duration and cost. One pathway is to develop and deploy innovative technical solutions that can advance baseline flow sheets toward higher efficiency operations while reducing identified risks without compromising safety. Vitrification is the baseline process that will convert both high-level and low-level radioactive waste at Hanford into a stable glass waste form for long-term storage and disposal.
Although vitrification is a mature technology, there are key areas where technology can further reduce operational risks, advance baseline processes to maximize waste throughput, and provide the underpinning to enhance operational flexibility; all steps in reducing mission duration and cost.
T. Ono, T. Umata, N. Okudaira, Y. Uehara, T. Norimura
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 60 | Number 3 | October 2011 | Pages 1183-1185
Biology | Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology | doi.org/10.13182/FST11-A12626
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
We first examined two lines of transgenic mouse, gpt delta and Muta, for sensitivity of radiation-induced mutations in spleen. The gpt delta mouse could detect mutations induced by 2 to 8 Gy of gamma-rays with 2-times higher sensitivity than Muta mouse. The reason seemed to be that radiation induces predominantly deletion type mutation which is rather rare in natural background and gpt delta mouse can detect exclusively this deletion type mutation, whereas Muta mouse detects all types of mutation including the deletion. Next, we applied the gpt delta mouse to study mutation induction by tritiated water. A half ml of saline containing 0, 266 or 532 MBq of tritiated water was administered to the mice intraperitoneally and mutations in spleen were examined 7 days later. The estimated absorbed doses were 0, 3 and 6 Gy, respectively. With 3 Gy, the mutant frequency was elevated approximately 2-fold above control level, and it remained at a similar level with 6 Gy. These indicate that gpt delta mouse could be a good model animal to study genotoxicity of tritium.