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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
Commercial nuclear innovation "new space" age
In early 2006, a start-up company launched a small rocket from a tiny island in the Pacific. It exploded, showering the island with debris. A year later, a second launch attempt sent a rocket to space but failed to make orbit, burning up in the atmosphere. Another year brought a third attempt—and a third failure. The following month, in September 2008, the company used the last of its funds to launch a fourth rocket. It reached orbit, making history as the first privately funded liquid-fueled rocket to do so.
R. Wagner, U. Besserer, D. Demange, H. Dittrich, T. L. Le, K. H. Simon, K. Guenther
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 60 | Number 3 | October 2011 | Pages 968-971
Measurement, Monitoring, and Accountancy | Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology | doi.org/10.13182/FST11-A12577
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
At the Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe stainless steel cross-piece ionization chambers have been used to measure the activity concentration of tritiated gases in experiments and processes for more than 10 years. New chambers with an optimized design in terms of the effective chamber volume were produced. Furthermore, they were gold and copper plated to determine the influence of the coatings on the signal and on the memory effect. A new chamber of the old design was built for direct comparison of the signals. The chambers were characterized with different helium-tritium mixtures in 8 runs and the ionisation current as a function of the static gas pressure was measured. When comparing the three new chambers, the gold chamber always showed the highest current, followed by the copper chamber. After exposing the chambers to ~13,100 TBq/m3, the memory effect was investigated by using a similar gas mixture of the earlier runs with ~1,500 TBq/m3. The gold chamber showed the highest memory effect, the copper chamber the lowest. This paper describes the design and the testing procedure of the chambers. It presents the first experimental results on the chamber performance, on the memory effects as well as calibration curves.