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Fusion energy: Progress, partnerships, and the path to deployment
Over the past decade, fusion energy has moved decisively from scientific aspiration toward a credible pathway to a new energy technology. Thanks to long-term federal support, we have significantly advanced our fundamental understanding of plasma physics—the behavior of the superheated gases at the heart of fusion devices. This knowledge will enable the creation and control of fusion fuel under conditions required for future power plants. Our progress is exemplified by breakthroughs at the National Ignition Facility and the Joint European Torus.
W. A. Cooper, J. P. Graves, T. M. Tran, R. Gruber, T. Yamaguchi, Y. Narushima, S. Okamura, S. Sakakibara, C. Suzuki, K. Y. Watanabe, H. Yamada, K. Yamazaki
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 50 | Number 2 | August 2006 | Pages 245-257
Technical Paper | Stellarators | doi.org/10.13182/FST06-A1242
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The three-dimensional (3-D) VMEC code has been modified to model an energetic species with a variant of a Bi-Maxwellian distribution function that satisfies the constraint B[nabla][script F]h = 0, and the 3-D TERPSICHORE stability code has been extended to investigate the effects of pressure anisotropy in two limits. The lower limit is based on a purely fluid Kruskal-Oberman (KO) energy principle (ignoring the stabilizing kinetic integral), and the upper limit is obtained from an energy principle in which the hot particle pressure and current density refrain from interacting with the dynamics of the instability because their diamagnetic drift frequency is considered much larger than the dominant growth rate. We have specifically investigated the instability properties of a Heliotron device with a major radius of 3.9 m and total <> [approximately equal to] 3.9%, where the energetic particle contribution <h> varies from 0 to 1.3% for T