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Fusion energy: Progress, partnerships, and the path to deployment
Over the past decade, fusion energy has moved decisively from scientific aspiration toward a credible pathway to a new energy technology. Thanks to long-term federal support, we have significantly advanced our fundamental understanding of plasma physics—the behavior of the superheated gases at the heart of fusion devices. This knowledge will enable the creation and control of fusion fuel under conditions required for future power plants. Our progress is exemplified by breakthroughs at the National Ignition Facility and the Joint European Torus.
B. Plaum, G. Gantenbein, W. Kasparek, K. Schwörer, M. Grünert, H. Braune, V. Erckmann, F. Hollmann, L. Jonitz, H. Laqua, G. Michel, F. Noke, F. Purps, A. Bruschi, S. Cirant, F. Gandini, A. G. A. Verhoeven, ECRH Groups
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 50 | Number 1 | July 2006 | Pages 1-14
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/FST06-A1216
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
This paper reports the results of the high-power tests of a remote-steering-launcher mock-up at 140 GHz, which were performed at the electron cyclotron resonance heating installation for the future stellarator Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) at Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Greifswald. The mock-up test system consists of a 6.62-m-long square corrugated waveguide with a steerable optic at the entrance and various diagnostics at the exit of the waveguide. A straight launcher and a version with two integrated miter bends were investigated.The ohmic loss of the waveguide was measured via the temperature increase of the waveguide wall and was used to calibrate the calculated angular dependence of the total ohmic losses of the waveguide. Short-pulse radiation pattern measurements with thermographic recording show high beam quality and confirm the steering range of -12...12 deg. The version with two miter bends produces similar results but with an increased level of side lobes.Although the tests were performed under atmospheric pressure, no arcing was observed in the straight waveguide. In the version with the miter bends, however, arcing limited the power and pulse length.