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The busyness of the nuclear fuel supply chain
Ken Petersenpresident@ans.org
With all that is happening in the industry these days, the nuclear fuel supply chain is still a hot topic. The Russian assault in Ukraine continues to upend the “where” and “how” of attaining nuclear fuel—and it has also motivated U.S. legislators to act.
Two years into the Russian war with Ukraine, things are different. The Inflation Reduction Act was passed in 2022, authorizing $700 million in funding to support production of high-assay low-enriched uranium in the United States. Meanwhile, the Department of Energy this January issued a $500 million request for proposals to stimulate new HALEU production. The Emergency National Security Supplemental Appropriations Act of 2024 includes $2.7 billion in funding for new uranium enrichment production. This funding was diverted from the Civil Nuclear Credits program and will only be released if there is a ban on importing Russian uranium into the United States—which could happen by the time this column is published, as legislation that bans Russian uranium has passed the House as of this writing and is headed for the Senate. Also being considered is legislation that would sanction Russian uranium. Alternatively, the Biden-Harris administration may choose to ban Russian uranium without legislation in order to obtain access to the $2.7 billion in funding.
V. F. Shevchenko, M. De Bock, S. J. Freethy, A. N. Saveliev, R. G. L. Vann
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 59 | Number 4 | May 2011 | Pages 663-669
Technical Paper | Sixteenth Joint Workshop on Electron Cyclotron Emission and Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating (EC-16) | doi.org/10.13182/FST10-137
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Angular scanning of electron Bernstein wave emission (EBE) has been conducted in MAST. From EBE measurements over a range of viewing angles, the angular position and orientation of the B-X-O mode conversion (MC) window can be estimated, giving the pitch angle of the magnetic field in the MC layer. The radial position of the corresponding MC layer is found from Thomson scattering measurements. Measurements at several frequencies can provide a pitch angle profile. Results of pitch angle profile reconstruction from EBE measurements are presented in comparison with motional Stark effect measurements. Microwave imaging of the B-X-O MC window is proposed as an alternative to angular scanning. The proposed scheme is based on an imaging phased array of antennas allowing the required angular resolution. Image acquisition time is much shorter than magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) time scales so the EBE imaging can be used for pitch angle measurements even in the presence of MHD activity.