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Fusion Science and Technology
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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
Yong Liu, Erzhong Li, Bili Ling, Ang Ti, Gary Taylor
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 59 | Number 4 | May 2011 | Pages 657-662
Technical Paper | Sixteenth Joint Workshop on Electron Cyclotron Emission and Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating (EC-16) | doi.org/10.13182/FST11-A11730
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A 20-channel grating polychromator transferred from Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory has been rebuilt for electron cyclotron emission measurements on EAST. This instrument measures the second-harmonic electron cyclotron emission from plasma with frequency range from 90 to 250 GHz, which corresponds to a central magnetic field (R0 = 1.7 m) of 2 to 3.5 T on EAST. The radial resolution of this instrument is [approximately]2.5 cm, and the poloidal spot size of the quasi-optic antenna is [approximately]3 cm. New preamplifiers are made and tested, based on the electronics of GPC-II on TFTR. These amplifiers have a gain of around 520, with a 400-kHz, 3-dB rolloff. Measurement results from the 2010 EAST experimental campaign show that the intensity of this instrument is [approximately]200 mV for electron temperature of 850 eV, and the signal-to-noise ratio is [approximately]20.