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Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
A. D. Beklemishev
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 59 | Number 1 | January 2011 | Pages 184-186
doi.org/10.13182/FST11-A11603
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Some open traps, like GOL-3, may be heated by axial electron beams. Since the heating is turbulent, it is associated with anomalous resistivity, so that the reverse induction current is pushed out to flow in the shell plasma along the beam edge. It is shown that such complicated distribution of axial current in equilibrium causes exponential amplification along the trap of any initial (at entrance) azimuthal modulation of the beam current density. As a result, the shape of the beam cross-section develops features like spiral arms, etc. at the end-plate, even if its shape was nearly circular at the entrance. Amplification occurs whenever there is an off-axis extremum on the radial distribution of the axial current density.