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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
A. Yu. Chirkov, S. V. Ryzhkov, P. A. Bagryansky, A. V. Anikeev
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 59 | Number 1 | January 2011 | Pages 39-42
doi.org/10.13182/FST11-A11570
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A numerical model of ion kinetics is considered for the axially symmetrical magnetic trap. The trap contains warm Maxwellian plasma and strongly non-Maxwellian high-energy (fast) ions. The steady-state fast ion population is supported by the ionization of high-energy neutral atoms injected into the plasma. The physical model is based on the kinetic equation with the two-dimensional Fokker–Planck collision operator in the velocity phase space. Regimes of plasma exhaust through the mirrors are considered taking into account the possibility of electrostatic barrier formation. Parameters of power balance are discussed for the system under consideration.