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Smarter waste strategies: Helping deliver on the promise of advanced nuclear
At COP28, held in Dubai in 2023, a clear consensus emerged: Nuclear energy must be a cornerstone of the global clean energy transition. With electricity demand projected to soar as we decarbonize not just power but also industry, transport, and heat, the case for new nuclear is compelling. More than 20 countries committed to tripling global nuclear capacity by 2050. In the United States alone, the Department of Energy forecasts that the country’s current nuclear capacity could more than triple, adding 200 GW of new nuclear to the existing 95 GW by mid-century.
J. Nazon, E. Brun, F. Durut, M. Theobald, O. Legaie
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 59 | Number 1 | January 2011 | Pages 139-147
Technical Paper | Nineteenth Target Fabrication Meeting | doi.org/10.13182/FST11-A11516
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
In order to decrease the wall absorption of hohlraums during the laser-matter interaction encountered in X-ray indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion, a thick layer of depleted uranium (DU) and gold alloy can be deposited on the inner surface of the hohlraums. Such a coating can be achieved by sputtering simultaneously DU and gold directly into the hohlraums. This technique is called "moulding PVD." In order to validate the moulding PVD technique, Au/Mo cocktail layers were deposited on glass substrates by simultaneous multitarget sputtering. Molybdenum is used for deposition of cocktail alloys since it shows the same sputtering yields as uranium. Au/Mo cocktail layers can be easily grown on glass substrates at any desired composition and controlled thickness by optimizing the deposition parameters. A major issue of DU deposition is its rapid delamination in contact with water, air, or hydrogen. To protect the DU/Au alloy, a thin coating of dense gold is sputtered on the DU alloy. Dense and low-stress gold thin films deposited on glass substrates have been achieved by optimization of processing parameters. The effect of such a coating has been quantified thanks to the study of praseodymium oxidation (which is more sensitive to delamination than DU). A gold coating thickness of 0.2 m thoroughly decreases the oxidation rate of praseodymium in contact with air.
