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Modernizing I&C for operations and maintenance, one phase at a time
The two reactors at Dominion Energy’s Surry plant are among the oldest in the U.S. nuclear fleet. Yet when the plant celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2023, staff could raise a toast to the future. Surry was one of the first plants to file a subsequent license renewal (SLR) application, and in May 2021, it became official: the plant was licensed to operate for a full 80 years, extending its reactors’ lifespans into 2052 and 2053.
Y. Sentoku, W. Kruer, M. Matsuoka, A. Pukhov
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 49 | Number 3 | April 2006 | Pages 278-296
Technical Paper | Fast Ignition | doi.org/10.13182/FST06-A1149
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
In the fast ignition scheme, the compressed core is surrounded by a 1-mm-scale coronal plasma. The critical density where the laser deposits energy is still more than 100 m away from the core. The distance is much longer than the laser focus radius or the core size. This situation raises an important question: How can we couple laser energy to the core from such a distance? One of the techniques that has been proposed to overcome this problem is hole boring by the ponderomotive pressure of the incident laser light. In this paper, the physics related to the laser hole boring, including the parametric instabilities, the channel formation, and the hot electron acceleration by ultraintense laser light, are discussed. The maximum density where the laser can propagate by hole boring is obtained as a function of the intensity. This agrees well with experimental observations, and it is confirmed by numerical simulations. The acceleration mechanism of hot electrons in the magnetic channel is also identified. The hot electrons are characterized by the numerical simulations. In summary, the critical issue of energy coupling in this scheme is raised and discussed.