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Smarter waste strategies: Helping deliver on the promise of advanced nuclear
At COP28, held in Dubai in 2023, a clear consensus emerged: Nuclear energy must be a cornerstone of the global clean energy transition. With electricity demand projected to soar as we decarbonize not just power but also industry, transport, and heat, the case for new nuclear is compelling. More than 20 countries committed to tripling global nuclear capacity by 2050. In the United States alone, the Department of Energy forecasts that the country’s current nuclear capacity could more than triple, adding 200 GW of new nuclear to the existing 95 GW by mid-century.
M. Iseli
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 48 | Number 1 | July-August 2005 | Pages 629-633
Technical Paper | Tritium Science and Technology - Materials Interaction and Permeation | doi.org/10.13182/FST05-A1004
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Knowledge of the levels of tritium in the First Wall (FW) coolant and components of ITER is important for public and operator safety and waste management. To overcome the large uncertainty of plasma wall interaction and physical properties, a basic set of properties is theoretically calculated for the dissolved tritium atoms in a perfect Beryllium (Be) lattice. These properties are combined with models for tritium trapping by lattice imperfections including the equilibrium conditions between gaseous, dissolved and trapped hydrogen isotopes. The 3 models for trapping by impurities, radiation damage and surface defects are adjusted to experimental solubilities, to tritium release experiments from irradiated samples and to outgassing of hydrogen isotopes from the JET FW. An elastic lattice model evaluates the activation energy of diffusion. For the calculations, the code DIET (Diffusion, Implantation and Equilibrium Trapping) was developed, which includes tritium trapping with time-dependent trap concentrations of multiple trap sites. The sensitivity analysis, with the expected deviations from the basic properties provides confidence that tritium permeation is below one gram in ITER for a neutron load of 0.3 MWa/m2 within 10 years.