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Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Kenjiro Matsuhiro, Hirofumi Nakamura, Takumi Hayashi, Hiroo Nakamura, Masayoshi Sugimoto
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 48 | Number 1 | July-August 2005 | Pages 625-628
Technical Paper | Tritium Science and Technology - Materials Interaction and Permeation | doi.org/10.13182/FST05-A1003
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
In International Fusion Material Irradiation Facility (IFMIF), neutrons are produced by the reaction between 40 MeV deuterium and liquid lithium. In this process, tritium (3 × 1011 Bq/h) is generated in the lithium flow. Tritium permeation and inventory of IFMIF lithium loop components are evaluated for safety of the IFMIF and the design of tritium processing system of the IFMIF. The tritium permeation rate from a V-Ti hot trap is about 95% of the total amount, 1.0 × 106 Bq/h, from lithium loop. Therefore, the reduction of the tritium permeation rate from only the V-Ti hot trap can directly reduce the total tritium permeation from the Li loop and the gaseous tritium in the Li loop area. Total tritium contained in the walls ewt by liquid lithium in the IFMIF is 5.3 × 107 Bq, which is much smaller than 4.9 × 1014 Bq of tritium contained in the Li flow with a volume of 9 m3.
