Features

As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.

Michael Goff

I don’t think we’ve ever had a busier year in the Office of Nuclear Energy, and it’s probably been decades since we’ve had this much momentum within the overall U.S. nuclear industry.

President Trump and Energy Secretary Wright have made very clear the important role that nuclear must play in meeting our energy needs, and that’s well demonstrated by the four executive orders that the president signed [more than] 375 days ago. In nuclear, we’re now talking about days, not years.

Those EOs set a goal for the United States to quadruple the amount of nuclear that we have. We need to go from the 94 reactors that we have operating right now, which generate roughly 100 gigawatts of electricity, to 400 gigawatts by 2050.

Summer at the American Nuclear Society carries with it a sense of renewed momentum as the incoming president takes office and starts making plans for the year ahead. This has been particularly true in the last few years, as nuclear energy moves into a new era marked by broader public interest, stronger policy support, and a growing sense of possibility across the field. Mark Peters, the Society’s 72nd president, shares that optimism—and he is focused on turning it into results.

For decades, U.S. radiation protection has rested on two pillars: the linear no-threshold (LNT) model and the principle of “as low as reasonably achievable” (ALARA). Together, these have shaped occupational dose management, regulatory limits, and emergency planning across the nuclear industry.

Josh Freed

On top of the many celebrations planned for America’s 250th birthday, the Trump administration wants to mark a nuclear milestone as well: achieving criticality for at least three advanced reactor concepts by July 4, 2026.

But this wouldn’t really be a milestone. On a day of fireworks nationwide, it would just be more noise.

Third Way has celebrated the nuclear sector’s progress during the Trump administration and supported the goal of 400 GW of nuclear energy by 2050. Additionally, we think all five commissioners on the Nuclear Regulatory Commission have prioritized safety in new designs and defended an understaffed agency under pressure to bypass important processes.

Dena Volovar

Conditions for nuclear energy haven’t looked this favorable in a generation. Policy support is building, public support has risen, and demand for reliable power continues to outpace what other sources can provide. Whether the industry can successfully capitalize on this moment will come down to how well it executes.

The proven truth is that execution success is largely determined before construction ever starts—by ensuring design constructability, shaping the project’s execution plan, aligning design and delivery, and establishing the systems needed to control cost and schedule. Many large energy projects have faltered for lack of these engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) fundamentals.

In 2019, a familiar landmark at Idaho National Laboratory was scheduled for demolition. Though striking for both its physical presence and its significance to nuclear history, the containment dome that once housed Experimental Breeder Reactor-II sat unused—that is, until INL realized its potential as a reactor testing facility.

Craig Piercy
cpiercy@ans.org

Recently, I spent an afternoon at Kairos Power’s Hermes construction site in Oak Ridge, Tenn. What I saw there was not a rendering, not a licensing presentation, not another panel about the future of advanced nuclear. I saw dozens of pilings built to NQA-1 standards. I saw seismic isolators ready for installation. I saw heavy equipment moving dirt and crews preparing concrete and steel.

I also saw a company doing genuinely innovative work with precast concrete techniques that could materially improve how we construct reactors in the future. None of it looked theoretical. It looked industrial.

Evergy’s Wolf Creek Generating Station, near Burlington, is the only nuclear power plant in Kansas. In addition to generating 20 percent of the state’s electricity—enough to power 800,000 homes—it has been generating educational opportunities by providing internships and co-op employment to nuclear engineering students from universities around the Midwest for 35 years.

The drive to Kairos Power’s reactor demonstration site in Oak Ridge, Tenn., is not only scenic—it’s historic. Nearly 85 years ago, roughly 30,000 construction workers transformed orchards and farmland into a key Manhattan Project site. Depending on your route, you may pass by one of the three gatehouses that were once military checkpoints controlling access to Atomic Energy Commission production facilities.

Hash Hashemian

The 2026 ANS Annual Conference, “Net Out and Power Up,” brought the nuclear community together in Denver at the end of May. Over four days at the Sheraton Denver, we heard from exceptional speakers on the most consequential questions facing our field; how fusion and fission can complement each other, how to meet surging electricity demand, and what it takes to sustain American nuclear leadership. The embedded topicals on nuclear fuels and materials and on fusion energy added real technical depth. It was exactly the kind of gathering that reminds us why this community is so remarkable.

That energy and commitment is precisely what I want to channel as I close out my term as president of the American Nuclear Society. Because sustaining it year after year, conference after conference, requires more than enthusiasm. It requires investment.

“The nuclear renaissance is real here,” said Ontario Power Generation’s Subo Sinnathamby on May 8, one year to the day after OPG secured a final investment decision to build the first of four planned BWRX-300 reactors at its Darlington nuclear power plant, and shortly after the new reactor’s foundation was lifted into place. “We got our license to construct in April and our [final investment decision] in May, and we’ve been off to the races since.”

Here is a recap of recent industry happenings:

ADVANCED REACTOR MARKETPLACE

Fluor gets X-energy contract for Dow’s Seadrift project

Fluor Corporation has signed a contract to support X-energy’s planned small modular reactor project at Dow’s UCC Seadrift Operations facility in southern Texas. Fluor’s role will initially involve delivery of front-end loading stage 2 services, including project definition, strategic planning, feasibility assessment, cost control, and risk mitigation. X-energy plans to deploy four 80-MW SMRs to replace old infrastructure and supply electricity and industrial steam for the Seadrift facility, which produces materials for such applications as food packaging, footwear, wire and cable insulation, solar cell components, and medical and pharmaceutical packaging. X-energy submitted a construction permit application for the project, which is supported by the Department of Energy’s Advanced Reactor Demonstration Program, to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission in March 2025.

Nielson

The renewed global interest in nuclear power is often framed as a policy story driven by decarbonization goals, energy security concerns, and surging electricity demand from digital infrastructure and electrification. While these forces are real and durable, they materially understate the challenge at hand. The practical constraint on nuclear deployment today is not strategic will, but execution. Specifically, the challenge lies in how nuclear projects are financed, how risk is allocated, and how investors assess credibility in a sector defined by long timelines and asymmetric downside risk.

Hash Hashemian
president@ans.org

Kindergarten classrooms, the control rooms of newly completed reactors, and the meeting rooms of ANS local sections all have one thing in common: they are only made useful once they are filled with hardworking and passionate people.

In March, I had the privilege of engaging with some of the people in these spaces: the students, regulators, lawmakers, and fellow scientists from across several states who are working to build up the nuclear industry every day. These interactions served as yet another reminder that people serve as the bedrock of our work to push nuclear energy forward.

The month began here in my home city of Oak Ridge, where I welcomed a group of kindergartners from Woodland Elementary School to tour both the headquarters of AMS and the Roane State Community College Nuclear Technology Lab.

Nicolas Stauff

Data centers power our digital lives—along with many aspects of our economy and the rapid expansion of artificial intelligence. Electricity demand is rising rapidly, with the domestic data center load projected to increase from 4 percent to 9 percent of U.S. electricity consumption by 2030. This surge is already reshaping utility planning, grid interconnection queues, and the market for reliable power nationwide.

Nuclear energy is well matched to data center needs, because it provides reliable, 24/7 electricity with stable long-term costs. Modern hyperscale data center campuses can require hundreds of megawatts for IT equipment and cooling, and many applications demand maximum uptime. At the same time, leading hyperscalers have aggressive decarbonization commitments that limit reliance on fossil generation. Data centers also require fiber connectivity, a skilled workforce, and local acceptance—yet they can deliver meaningful tax base and employment impacts, especially when coupled with a major energy project.

Before the Fukushima Daiichi accident in March 2011, nuclear power from 54 reactors provided about 30 percent of Japan’s electricity. In the wake of the disaster, Japan shut down every one of its reactors.

Recently, the country has been restarting its nuclear power plants. Among its current fleet of 33 operable reactors, fewer than half have been restarted. Nuclear power is currently providing about 8.5 percent of Japan’s electricity (with natural gas and coal accounting for more than 60 percent).

The Japanese government’s present energy plan, announced last year, calls for nuclear power to meet 20 percent of the country’s electricity needs by 2040. While the government views nuclear as a crucial asset toward meeting its goal of net zero emissions by 2050, public support for nuclear energy also continues to increase. A 2012 Pew Research poll—conducted one year after the Fukushima Daiichi disaster—indicated that 70 percent of the public opposed nuclear power. However, a 2022 poll by Nikkei Business Publications suggests that now, more than 50 percent of the public supports nuclear power—if safety can be ensured.

Contributing their expertise to these restarts in recent years are young nuclear industry professionals who were trained a decade ago in a mentorship/training program involving U.S. institutions.

This “Super Engineer Project” was sponsored by Japan’s Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry and Hokkaido University from 2015 to 2017. METI sponsored the project to improve the Japanese nuclear safety culture by learning from the U.S. safety culture.

Craig Piercy
cpiercy@ans.org

May is a month when we pause—briefly—to recognize something that too often goes unsaid: the extraordinary performance of the existing U.S. nuclear fleet. Capacity factors remain above 90 percent (with a median of 91.29 for the three-year period 2023–2025—see Nuclear News, May 2026, p. 24), an impressive figure delivered at a scale unmatched anywhere else on the globe. That level of sustained output is not an accident of design; it is a daily achievement. It reflects the discipline, professionalism, and pride of the men and women who operate and maintain these facilities, often without fanfare.

In this issue, you will also read about the important work researchers at our national laboratories are doing to extract even greater efficiency from the plants we already have. That effort deserves more attention, because it points to a fundamental truth: the fastest, most reliable way to expand nuclear generation in the United States is not solely through new builds—it is by maximizing the assets already on the grid.

Nuclear medicine has come a long way since Henri Becquerel first observed the penetrating energy of radioactive materials in 1896. Today, technetium-99m alone is used in more than 40 million diagnostic procedures every year—from cardiovascular imaging and bone scans to cancer detection—making it the undisputed workhorse of nuclear medicine. That single statistic tells you something important: An enormous portion of modern diagnostic medicine rests on a surprisingly narrow foundation, one built around a small number of aging research reactors that were never originally designed for continuous isotope production.

The noticeable exuberance within the nuclear community as a whole appears to have spilled over into the waste management sphere as well, judging from the 2026 Waste Management Conference, held March 8–12 in Phoenix, Ariz., and sponsored by Waste Management Symposia.

The theme of this year’s conference was “Efficient and Innovative Nuclear Materials and Technology Solutions,” and many of the scheduled panels and technical sessions revolved around how nuclear growth and technological advancements are affecting the back end of the fuel cycle, as well as how the cleanup of legacy sites is enabling new nuclear development.