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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
Eiji Kako, Ritoku Ando, Makoto Ichimura, Yuichi Ogawa, Tsuneo Amano, Tetsuo Watari
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 12 | Number 2 | September 1987 | Pages 293-309
Plasma Heating Systems | doi.org/10.13182/FST87-A11963787
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The ion cyclotron range of frequencies antenna design for the R tokamak (a proposal by the Institute of Plasma Physics, Nagoya University) is described. The design involves three types of antennas: a standard loop antenna, a panel heater antenna, and a waveguide antenna for ion Bernstein wave heating (IBWH). The standard loop antenna is made of aluminum alloy and has a simple structure because it has to be installed under radioactive conditions by deuterium-tritium neutrons. A new type of antenna called a panel heater antenna has been designed for high-power heating. It has a wide radiation area and is able to select a parallel wave number k‖. The feasibility of the waveguide antenna is also discussed in association with IBWH. The radiation from the aperture of the double ridge waveguide is estimated in a model experiment, where calculated surface plasma impedance is simulated by a dielectric load.