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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
I.R. Clarkson, T.E. Luzzi
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 8 | Number 1 | July 1985 | Pages 375-380
Electrical and Nuclear Component Design | Proceedings of the Sixth Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy (San Francisco, California, March 3-7, 1985) | doi.org/10.13182/FST85-A40073
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Charged particles escaping from the central cell are trapped on collectors in the end cell of a tandem mirror machine. Part of the energy is removed directly as electrical energy - direct conversion; the remainder is converted into heat on the collector plates and is removed by the collector coolant. To keep cost to a minimum, materials were used that are easy to fabricate and require that coolant temperatures be kept low; therefore, no useful heat was made available from the direct converter. Included are the results of studies of plasma shaping for the direct converter, and the effects of sputtering.