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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
Calvin Wong, E. F. Plechaty, R. W. Bauer, R. C. Haight, L. F. Hansen, R. J. Howerton, T. T. Komoto, J. D. Lee, S. T. Perkins, B. A Pohl
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 8 | Number 1 | July 1985 | Pages 1165-1173
Beryllium Technology | Proceedings of the Sixth Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy (San Francisco, California, March 3-7, 1985) | doi.org/10.13182/FST85-A39926
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Using the Pulsed-Sphere Method, the leakage spectra from hollow Be spheres of 4.5, 13.8 and 19.9 cm thickness have been measured. The predicted copious production of epithermal and thermal neutrons from the 13.8 and 19.9 cm spherical shells has been verified. A quantitative comparison of measured and calculated time-of-arrival count spectra over the energy range from thermal to ∼ 15 MeV indicates that the ENDL-84 library overestimates the leakage spectra between 2 and 10 MeV and in the epithermal and thermal energy regions. In the remaining regions, the leakage spectra are underestimated. Because of the above compensation the inferred leakage multiplication for the 19.9 cm Be is ∼ 3% higher than calculations. In the case of the 13.8 cm Be, the compensation is less exact and the inferred leakage multiplication is ∼ 9% higher than calculations.