New nuclear reactions are described where polyneutrons exchange neutron pairs with charged nuclides, liberating substantial energy with only minor production of neutrons and tritium. It is postulated that polyneutrons are bound in a totally paired collective phase analogous to the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer superconducting phase, that massive precursor hydrogen nuclides are bound in the same collective phase, and that polyneutrons are generated from precursor hydrogen by reaction with neutrons. The concentration and disposition of precursor hydrogen, of lithium, and of neutron-moderating and neutron-absorbing materials in the reactor environment emerge as key variables in cold nuclear reaction processes.