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Latest News
Flamanville-3 reaches full power
France’s state-owned electric utility EDF has announced that Flamanville-3—the country’s first EPR—reached full nuclear thermal power for the first time, generating 1,669 megawatts of gross electrical power. This major milestone is significant in terms of both this project and France’s broader nuclear sector.
K. A. Niemer, J. G. Gilligan, C. D. Croessmann, A. C. England, D. L. Hillis
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 19 | Number 3 | May 1991 | Pages 1717-1723
Impurity Control and Plasma-Facing Component | Proceedings of the Ninth Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy (Oak Brook, Illinois, October 7-11, 1990) | doi.org/10.13182/FST91-A29589
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Four detection probes were designed with the PTA code package and fabricated to study energy deposition, temperature rise, and damage to plasma facing components from runaway electrons in the Advanced Toroidal Facility, Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The PTA code package is a unique application of PATRAN, the Integrated TIGER Series, and ABAQUS for modeling high energy electron impact on magnetic fusion components and materials. Two of the probes were made of stainless steel, one of graphite, and one of molybdenum. They were inserted one at a time on the magnetic axis of ATF during field ramps. Each probe had two thermocouples to measure temperature increases. One of the stainless steel probes had activation foils to detect photonuclear reactions. Analysis of the experiment concluded that runaways on the order of 10 MeV exist in ATF. Damage to the materials was in the form of melting and ablation. The graphite probe survived with less damage than the other probes.