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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
H. Iida, D. A. Ehst, Y-K. M. Peng
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 4 | Number 2 | September 1983 | Pages 146-151
Plasma Engineering | doi.org/10.13182/FST83-A22859
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
In the design of FED-A, quasi-steady state operation is conceived in which the plasma current is generated by the transformer coil in the burning phase and by the lower hybrid wave in the transformer-recharging phase. A parametric study was made to obtain optimum plasma and wave parameters in the recharging phase. The plasma current saturates when rf wave power increases. In order to avoid a hollow current distribution we should choose the rf power level which gives current saturation. The saturation current level is very sensitive to the width of the wave spectrum, The optimum plasma density and n11 should be determined so that the saturation current reaches to the required level and the efficiency is maximized for a given Δ n11.