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MIT professor develops method to verify compliance with Outer Space Treaty
Danagoulian
Areg Danagoulian of the Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology is proposing a mechanism for verifying that Earth-orbiting satellites are in compliance with the Outer Space Treaty, which prohibits the placement of nuclear weapons in space. Danagoulian’s “concept and feasibility study,” titled “Verification of the Outer Space Treaty with cosmic protons,” was published recently in the journal Nature.
Jean-Michel Bosgiraud, Christophe Baroux, Frédéric Bumbieler, Didier Crusset (Andra)
Proceedings | 16th International High-Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference (IHLRWM 2017) | Charlotte, NC, April 9-13, 2017 | Pages 52-61
Andra, the French national radioactive waste management agency, is in charge of studying the disposal of high-level and long-lived intermediate-level waste (HLW and ILW-LL) in a deep geological repository (aka Cigéo). After a brief description of HLW disposal package models, their main functions are presented (handling purposes, containment of radioactive substances, criticality hazard control, delaying water contact with vitrified matrix, etc.). The horizontal steel cased disposal cell (0.7m ID micro-tunnel) inside which the disposal packages will be stored is also presented. The design options and the manufacturing processes of the disposal package are then described in order to show how the best technologies have been selected to ensure that the leak and gas tightness of the overpack is maintained as long as possible (and at least 500 years).
The following part of the paper is then focused on a description of the numerical simulations and corrosion tests (general corrosion, pitting and crevice corrosion, stress corrosion cracking with influence of the evolution of the water chemistry, temperature and radiolysis) performed in order to evaluate the mechanical behavior and durability of the disposal package. The mechanical studies focus on the behavior of a confined API5LX65MS steel casing (the disposal cell liner) submitted to general corrosion which governs the long term mechanical loading of the overpack. First numerical simulations performed to determine the ductile damage of a low alloy steel overpack subjected to both, general corrosion and localized mechanical loads are also presented.