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LLNL, Ampera partner to develop thorium-based TRISO fuel
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has formed a strategic partnership with Ampera to develop the company’s nuclear fuel concept through a project named THUNDER, for Thorium Unimodal Droplet Ejection for Reactors.
The focus of THUNDER is fabricating TRISO made with kernels of thorium rather than the usual uranium. LLNL and Ampera will evaluate and optimize liquid metal–jetting technology to produce highly uniform, spherical kernels of thorium-232 for later processing into TRISO fuel.
T. Serpekian, R. Hecker
Nuclear Technology | Volume 34 | Number 2 | July 1977 | Pages 269-289
Technical Paper | Material | doi.org/10.13182/NT77-A39702
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Investigations of the compatibility of steam generator or heat exchanger materials of a high-temperature nuclear reactor with both the primary and the secondary media of the coolant circuits were conducted. This includes studies on the metal-water reaction, the hydrogen generation involved, and the permeation of the hydrogen into the primary circuit. Permeating hydrogen can cause oxide film reduction on the primary side of the tubes and decarburization of the material. Other phenomena of interest are the possible deposition of carbon and/or the carburization of the steel by the small amounts of carbon monoxide present in the inert helium, used as coolant gas. In addition, the hydrogen permeation under low partial pressures was investigated. The hydrogen release rates (due to the metal-water reaction) were determined for several types of steels for different temperatures. The results served as a basis for an estimate of the hydrogen delivery from the secondary circuit into the primary circuit and its influence on the required gas purification capacity. An attempt is made to explain the irregularities of the hydrogen release rates observed. It appears that the carburization problem is not of major significance under the low carbon monoxide concentrations that must be expected in the coolant under normal operation conditions.