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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
R. G. Gonzalez, F. D'Auria, O. Mazzantini
Nuclear Technology | Volume 194 | Number 1 | April 2016 | Pages 61-72
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NT14-155
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Atucha-2 is a Siemens-designed pressurized heavy water reactor located in Argentina. Its geometrical complexity and peculiarity [e.g., oblique control rods (CRs) and positive void coefficient] required a developed and validated complex three-dimensional (3-D) neutron kinetics (NK) model. In the framework of the agreement between NA-SA (Nucleo-electrica Argentina Sociedad Anonima) and the University of Pisa, a detailed NESTLE (3-D NK code) model of the Atucha-2 nuclear power plant (NPP) was developed. This document summarizes the procedures for implementing oblique CRs into the RELAP5/NESTLE model: A particular arrangement of the RELAP5/NESTLE CR insertion mode for oblique CRs and an implementation into the homogenized two-group cross sections of ad hoc calculated correction factors (these parameters were obtained by previously executed Monte Carlo calculations) were developed. Some applications, among the scenarios selected to perform safety analysis (Final Safety Analysis Report) of the Atucha-2 NPP (CNA-II), are also reported: preliminary scram rod worth, analysis of a CR ejection accident, and a CR faulty withdrawal.