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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
John D. Burtt, Louis M. Shotkin, Joseph L. Staudenmeier
Nuclear Technology | Volume 119 | Number 3 | September 1997 | Pages 244-268
Technical Paper | Nuclear Reactor Safety | doi.org/10.13182/NT97-A35401
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Calculations were performed for the same accident scenario in the same power plant geometry using the same version of the RELAP5/MOD3.2 computer code, but each calculation was performed using different user options in the code input deck. The accident scenario analyzed was a 1-in. cold-leg break in the new Westing-house AP600 design. The calculations were analyzed for those key events leading to actuation of the AP600 automatic depressurization system. Three different user choices for plant system noding were used: (a) a detailed noding with a quasi-three-dimensional vessel; (b) a simplified system noding with a quasi-three-dimensional core, lower plenum, and upper plenum, but a simplified downcomer noding; and (c) a detailed system and downcomer noding, but a one-dimensional core, lower plenum, and upper plenum. Two other user options were separately exercised, i.e., shutting off the model for thermal stratification and using different initial temperatures for the core. The discussion focuses on the relative effect of these different user options on flow through the P-loop hot leg, initial reversal in flow through the pressure balance line, timing of draining of the core makeup tanks, and timing of actuation of the automatic depressurization system.