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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Takaaki Mochida, Mitsunari Nakamura, Jun-Ichi Yamashita, Hiromi Maruyama, Sakae Muto, Shigeru Kasai
Nuclear Technology | Volume 114 | Number 3 | June 1996 | Pages 308-317
Technical Paper | Nuclear Fuel Cycle | doi.org/10.13182/NT96-A35235
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The multienrichment boiling water reactor (BWR) initial core design was first applied to the Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Station Unit 5 [1100-MW(electric) BWR] in Japan. This core is designed to improve fuel discharge exposure, capacity factors, and operability. The design study shows that three types of fuel bundles with different enrichments are suitable to achieve the design targets. Three bundle enrichments are selected to simulate each of the following: fresh bundles, once-burned bundles, and twice-burned bundles in the reload core. Although the heterogeneity of multienrichment design increases the complexity of the design analysis, both the initial criticality test and the moderator temperature coefficient measurement showed good agreement with our prediction. Subsequent full-power operation verified the expected core performance. Average discharge exposure for the total initial fuel is ∼10% larger than that for the conventional single-enrichment BWR initial fuel with reinsertion of discharged fuel at the end of the first cycle. These experiences verified the effectiveness of a multienrichment initial core for the improvement of fuel utilization, capacity factors, and operability