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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Jack K. Boshoven
Nuclear Technology | Volume 110 | Number 1 | April 1995 | Pages 33-39
Technical Paper | Burnup Credit / Nuclear Criticality Safety | doi.org/10.13182/NT95-A35094
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
General Atomics (GA) is developing two legal weight truck casks for shipping spent fuel from both pressurized water reactors (PWRs) and boiling water reactors (BWRs). The GA-4 (4 PWR) and GA-9 (9 BWR) casks are high-capacity legal weight truck casks designed to transport light water reactor spent-fuel assemblies. The GA-9 cask can meet the criticality safety requirements using the “fresh fuel” assumption. To maintain a capacity of four PWR spent-fuel assemblies, the GA-4 cask uses burnup credit as part of the criticality control for initial enrichments >2.9 wt% 235U. Using the U.S. Department of Energy Burnup Credit Program as a basis, GA has performed burnup credit analysis for the GA-4 cask. The approach to calculating the minimum burnup requirement takes into account all of the key parameters affecting keff. It is based on technically sound principles and conservatively increases the burnup requirement for a given enrichment to account for all uncertainties and biases associated with the calculations.