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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Yasushi Nomura, Hiroshi Okuno
Nuclear Technology | Volume 109 | Number 1 | January 1995 | Pages 142-152
Technical Paper | Nuclear Criticality Safety | doi.org/10.13182/NT95-A35074
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
For handling of nuclear fuel during reprocessing or for design of spent-fuel storage and transportation, one needs to know the scale of maximum credible criticality accidents, i.e., the total fission number so as to know the radiological exposure of working personnel as well as the risk to the public in the event of an accident. Some simplified evaluation models for conservatively predicting the number of total fissions during an accident are derived theoretically using the one-point adiabatic reactivity balance model for the homogeneous and heterogeneous systems, respectively, which are frequently seen in nuclear fuel facilities. These simplified evaluation models are subsequently validated with the transient experiment data and actual accident data published to date from the world nuclear community. Some conventionally used simplified evaluation models of this kind are quoted and compared with the results to show the convenience of the current models, having almost no restrictions in the application for any kind of nuclear fuel, material composition, geometry, and dimension, and thus, ensuring adequate margins for predicting the total fission number at the time of a critsssicality accident.