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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Constantine P. Tzanos
Nuclear Technology | Volume 109 | Number 1 | January 1995 | Pages 108-122
Technical Paper | Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow | doi.org/10.13182/NT95-A35071
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Turbulent airflows around structures are important in many engineering applications. Such flows can have a significant impact on the thermal performance of the reactor vessel auxiliary cooling system (RVACS) of advanced liquid-metal reactor designs. The adequacy of the high-Reynolds-number form of the k-∈ model in analyzing turbulent airflow around structures like the RVACS stacks is evaluated. An experiment of simulated atmospheric turbulent flow around a cube is analyzed with the computer code COMMIX, and numerical predictions for pressure and velocity distributions are compared with experimental measurements. Considering the complexity of the problem and the approximations involved in the k-∈ model, the overall agreement between numerical predictions and measurements of pressure coefficients and velocities is good. The largest discrepancies between predictions and measurements are in the pressure coefficient at the sections of the top and side cube surfaces very close to the upwind edges and in the spanwise velocity distribution downstream from the cube.