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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Steven E. Aumeier, John C. Lee, Derek M. Cribley, William R. Martin
Nuclear Technology | Volume 108 | Number 3 | December 1994 | Pages 299-319
Technical Paper | Fission Reactor | doi.org/10.13182/NT94-A35014
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
We present a new time-based cross-section parameterization scheme that allows for a more accurate global depletion analysis than current methodologies without requiring major modifications to existing codes. The new cross-section parameterization scheme makes use of few-group macroscopic cross sections calculated as a function of time at several different power levels. These cross sections are block ordered by time rather than exposure to allow for the explicit representation of instantaneous control, i.e., soluble boron concentration, and thus accurate isotopic history, within the base cross-section library. The scheme is applied to a global depletion analysis of the Slightly Enriched Spectral-Shift Reactor, an advanced converter reactor based on a pressurized water reactor design, using the CPM-2 assembly-level collision probability code and the UM2DB two-dimensional diffusion code. The depletion calculation establishes the feasibility and potential advantages of the proposed cross-section parameterization methodology and shows that through a judicious choice of spectral shift control rod withdrawal strategies, it is possible to substantially increase fuel resource utilization via the spectral shift effect while maintaining acceptable power peaking factors.