ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Explore membership for yourself or for your organization.
Conference Spotlight
2026 Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
August 24–27, 2026
Dallas, TX|Hilton Anatole
Latest Magazine Issues
Jul 2026
Jan 2026
2026
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
September 2026
Nuclear Technology
August 2026
Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Gary R. Smolen, Raymond C. Lloyd, Tadakuni Matsumoto
Nuclear Technology | Volume 107 | Number 3 | September 1994 | Pages 340-355
Technical Paper | Nuclear Criticality Safety | doi.org/10.13182/NT94-A35012
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Critical experiments were performed at the Pacific Northwest Laboratory’s Critical Mass Laboratory in 1987 and 1988 with a heterogeneous array of mixed-oxide (MOX) fuel pins immersed in mixed plutoniumuranium nitrate solutions. The 996 fuel pins, on a 1.40-cm-square pitch, were configured in a cylindrical array. The solution heavy metal concentrations ranged from 4 to 468 g/ℓ and had a Pu/Pu+U ratio of 0.2. Critical experiments were also performed with gadolinium added to the fissile solution. These experiments were designed to simulate conditions in a MOX fuel dissolver, where fuel lumps are moderated by aqueous solutions containing fissile nuclides, with and without a soluble neutron poison. For the experimental conditions examined, it was determined that the critical size of the system increased as the heavy metal concentration increased. The criticality data were used to validate two versions of the SCALE computer code system and the 27-energy-group cross-section library, derived from the Evaluated Nuclear Data File B Version IV. The calculational results indicate that SCALE-2 has some difficulty in modeling these systems. Modifications in SCALE-4 have led to more accurate keff results.