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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Dale T. Peters, Konrad J. A. Kundig, David F. Medley, Paul A. Enders
Nuclear Technology | Volume 104 | Number 2 | November 1993 | Pages 219-232
Technical Paper | Special Issue on Waste Management / Radioactive Waste Management | doi.org/10.13182/NT93-A34885
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Copper and aluminum bronze have been shown to exhibit a high degree of kinetic stability in anticipated repository environments, including mildly oxidizing conditions under high gamma fields. The nature of the thermodynamic and kinetic stability of the metals is discussed. It is proposed that a robust, composite waste container composed of a copper mantle surrounding an inner shell of high-strength aluminum bronze would make the best use of the corrosion- and creep-related properties of the metals. Several designs and closure techniques are suggested. A bimetallic, centrifugally cast cylinder with a diameter and wall thickness appropriate to a high-level waste burial container has been produced. The advantages of the bimetallic casting are discussed, as are the potential multifunctional applications of composite containers of this type. Suggestions for future work are proposed. Creation of an“engineered analog” is suggested as an additional redundant safeguard in the proposed repository.