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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Man-Sung Yim, John M. Christenson
Nuclear Technology | Volume 100 | Number 3 | December 1992 | Pages 361-377
Technical Paper | Reactor Operation | doi.org/10.13182/NT92-A34731
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The control characteristics of a load-following pressurized water reactor are investigated through the application of a nonlinear optimization method to a simplified plant simulator. A model describing the power level control and power distribution control is developed and used to formulate an optimal control problem. In the optimal control problem formulation, all of the safety and system operating limits are included as hard constraints, and the multiple objective functionals are combined into a single performance index. The differences in the calculated optimal load-following control strategies are investigated for the cases of steady-state Tavg (coolant average temperature) program operation and variable Tavg operation at both beginning-of-cycle and near end-of-cycle conditions. The results show that the amount of boron control action for the demanded load variations can be significantly reduced when variable Tavg operation is incorporated into the control policy.