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INL reports findings on unusual quantum behavior of plutonium
Scientists at Idaho National Laboratory have discovered that plutonium hexaboride (PuB6) displays a type of unusual quantum property called a topological Kondo insulating state. Materials with this property are neither typical electricity conductors nor regular insulators. Rather, they have exterior surfaces that strongly conduct electricity and interiors that block electricity.
Nien-Mien Chung, Wei-Keng Lin, Bau-Shei Pei, Dong-Jye Li, Yih-Yun Hsu†
Nuclear Technology | Volume 99 | Number 2 | August 1992 | Pages 258-267
Technical Paper | Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow | doi.org/10.13182/NT92-A34696
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Wave propagation of low-void-fraction, two-phase bubbly flow is analyzed from the compressibility of a bubble and an assumption of homogeneity for steam bubbles. The phase velocity and attenuation calculated from the model are strongly dependent on frequency. The equilibrium sound velocity is derived for the limiting case as frequency approaches zero. The second resonance of a vapor bubble is also discussed. In addition, the void fraction, bubble size, and noncondens-able gas effects are also analyzed in the model. The relationship between sound velocity and interfacial area density is derived, and a new method to measure interfacial area is proposed.