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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Heinrich R. Obermoller, David A. White
Nuclear Technology | Volume 96 | Number 3 | December 1991 | Pages 337-345
Technical Paper | Enrichment and Reprocessing System | doi.org/10.13182/NT91-A34594
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A simple model based on a stage concept that can be used to predict the effects of operating variables on the separation of isotopes by chemical exchange is described. The particular application studied is chemical exchange of uranium isotopes in an ion exchange column that has NT total theoretical stages. Other important operating parameters are the number of stages in the exchange band Ns and the chemical exchange equilibrium constant ∈. A model of the process is developed and simulated by a computer program. The results are correlated to give simple expressions based on the assumption that one-half of the band that emerges from the column is taken as enriched feed with a concentration y. For small values of ∈, the optimum value of Ns is given by 1.313 and y = x0(1 + 0.551∈), where x0 is the feed concentration.