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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Kenneth J. Doran, Ronald E. Engel, Randall S. May
Nuclear Technology | Volume 93 | Number 1 | January 1991 | Pages 16-21
Technical Paper | Nuclear Reactor Safety | doi.org/10.13182/NT91-A34514
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Complex valve and instrument networks are frequently found in nuclear power plants; the complexity of such networks is often due to built-in, safety-related redundancy. When developing RETRAN input to model a redundant network, it is generally assumed that the performance of such a network can be accurately represented by the performance characteristics of its individual components. This approach, however, can introduce a substantial amount of conservatism into the RETRAN calculations because a redundant network tends to outperform its components. To help utility engineers evaluate the performance of redundant networks, the Electric Power Research Institute has sponsored the development of the PLAnt NETwork Simulation (PLANETS) computer program. The PLANETS code can be used to develop both conservative and best-estimate network characteristics for RETRAN input. Analyses have shown that the use of network inputs can significantly reduce calculated event consequences as well as provide added safety or operating margin.