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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
John C. Statharas, John G. Bartzis, Demosthenes D. Papailiou
Nuclear Technology | Volume 92 | Number 2 | November 1990 | Pages 248-259
Technical Paper | Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow | doi.org/10.13182/NT90-A34476
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
An improved version of the computer code THEAP-2, suitable for calculation of low flows (G < 50 kg/m2·s−1), is developed. The original code failed to provide reasonable agreement with existing experimental data. The discrepancies were attributed mainly to the drift-flux model, the dispersed flow transition criterion, and the correlations for estimating critical heat flux and minimum film boiling temperatures employed in the original code. The Electric Power Research Institute drift-flux model was used to correct these shortcomings and a new dispersed flow transition criterion was proposed. A review and an assessment of the available correlations of the temperatures resulted in the development of revised versions of these correlations. The changes improved the code’s ability to predict quantities such as the wall and vapor temperatures, the actual quality, and the vapor generation rate. The improvements can be attributed to the transition criterion introduced in the revised code.