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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Dong H. Nguyen
Nuclear Technology | Volume 91 | Number 1 | July 1990 | Pages 61-74
Technical Paper | Safety of Next Generation Power Reactor / Fission Reactor | doi.org/10.13182/NT90-A34441
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The design of the next generation of power reactors will emphasize passive safety and enhanced engineered systems. True passivity can be achieved by capitalizing on natural laws to restore reactor stability during an off-normal event. The most effective stabilizing mechanisms relying solely on natural laws— without human interference—are the feedback reactivities produced by a change in the reactor thermal state. During 1986 and 1987, an important research program was undertaken at the Fast Flux Test Facility (FFTF) to advance the understanding of feedback mechanisms and to investigate passive safety in liquid-metal reactors. The experimental program began with a series of static feedback reactivity measurements aimed at separating feedback components and ended with a demonstration of passive safety in a series of loss-of-flow-without-scram (LOFWOS) to natural circulation tests. Described here are (a) the fundamental experimental concepts used to unfold various feedback components, (b) the analysis of integral data used to construct feedback reactivity models, (c) the comparison of FFTF reactivities with mechanistic feedback models in the SASSYS/SAS4A code system, and (d) the pretest calculations for the LOFWOS test series, using the new FFTF feedback models.