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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Daniel E. Carroll, Kenneth D. Bergeron, Werner Scholtyssek, Greg D. Valdez, Richard Gido+
Nuclear Technology | Volume 91 | Number 2 | August 1990 | Pages 259-267
Technical Paper | Safety of Next Generation Power Reactor / Technique | doi.org/10.13182/NT90-A34433
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The CONTAIN code is the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission ’s best-estimate code for the evaluation of the conditions that may exist inside a reactor containment building during a severe accident. Included in the phenomena modeled are thermal hydraulics, radiant and convective heat transfer, aerosol loading and transient response, fission product transport and heating effects, and interactions of coolant and corium with the containment atmosphere and structures. An enhanced version of the code, designated CONTAIN LMR, has been used by groups in Japan and the Federal Republic of Germany to assess the ability of CONTAIN to analyze accident consequences for liquidmetal reactor (LMR) plants. Collaborative efforts to improve the modeling capabilities of CONTAIN for LMR applications have also been pursued. A brief description of physical models is presented, followed by a short review of validation exercises performed with CONTAIN. Finally, some demonstration calculations of an integrated LMR application are presented.