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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Bau-Shei Pei, Ge-Ping Yu, Guei-Ching Lin, Yin-Pang Ma
Nuclear Technology | Volume 90 | Number 1 | April 1990 | Pages 49-62
Technical Paper | Nuclear Safety | doi.org/10.13182/NT90-A34385
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Due to the potential threat of reactor coolant system (RCS) overpressurization, loss-of-normal-feed-water (LONF) transients without reactor trip have received special attention in the analysis of pressurized water reactor (PWR) anticipated transients without trip (ATWT). The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission requires every PWR to be equipped with an ATWT mitigation system actuation circuitry (AMSAC) so that the turbine will be tripped and auxiliary feedwater (AFW) added when an LONF transient occurs. An AMSAC design proposed by Westinghouse Electric Corporation will be installed in both units of the Maanshan Nuclear Power Station (MNPS) to deal with ATWTs under LONF transient conditions. A best-estimate transient analysis performed with the RETRAN-02/MOD3 code is used to assess the safety function of the actuation circuitry designed for MNPS. Analytical results show that the peak RCS pressure will not exceed the 22.16-MPa safety limit if the moderator temperature coefficient is sufficiently negative and the actuation circuitry functions normally. Effects of the moderator temperature coefficient, the Doppler coefficient, pressurizer power-operated relief valves, effective time of the AFW system, the steam dump system, and the automatic control rod system are discussed.
