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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
John F. Geldard, Adolph L. Beyerlein
Nuclear Technology | Volume 89 | Number 3 | March 1990 | Pages 318-327
Technical Paper | Chemical Processing | doi.org/10.13182/NT90-A34369
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The mathematical basis for two new computer codes, PULSER and PULMAT, is described. The PULSER code simulates the temporal and steady-state concentration profiles in pulsed column contactors using the Purex process. The CPU times needed for these calculations are at least 50 times less than those using the previously described CUSEP code. This is obtained by recognizing that effects due to pulsing occur on a much faster time scale than those due to steady flow and they can be approximated as occurring instantaneously. Separation of the time scales allows the formulation of simple flow equations for pulsed column contactors. In addition, a matrix method can be devised that makes possible direct calculation of the steady-state concentration profiles, resulting in very short CPU times. The code that performs these calculations is called PULMAT. Both codes have been used to generate concentration profiles in several extraction (A-type) and stripping (E-type) contactors and in a partitioning (B-type) contactor. These results are compared with results obtained using the CUSEP computer code and with other results where available.