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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Maurizio Bottoni, Burkhardt Dorr, Christoph Homann, Franz Huber, Karl Mattes, F. W. Peppler, Dankward Struwe
Nuclear Technology | Volume 89 | Number 1 | January 1990 | Pages 56-82
Technical Paper | Nuclear Safety | doi.org/10.13182/NT90-A34359
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
In the framework of the liquid-metal fast breeder reactor safety analysis program, out-of-pile sodium boiling experiments have been run at Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe in a 37-pin bundle simulating a fast reactor subassembly. Three representative runs are analyzed in detail in terms of experimental evaluation and numerical simulation. The latter is performed with the three-dimensional, two-phase flow computer code BACCHUS-3D/TP, which describes coolant behavior in bundle geometry. The comparison between computed and experimental results has helped in correlating data from different instruments, thus allowing deeper insight into the details of the boiling behavior. Experimental data also provided a valuable code verification. By modifying the drift-flux model, the code validity range has been enlarged.