ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Explore membership for yourself or for your organization.
Conference Spotlight
2026 ANS Winter Conference & Expo
November 15–18, 2026
Phoenix, AZ|Arizona Grand Resort & Spa
Latest Magazine Issues
Aug 2026
Jan 2026
2026
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
October 2026
Nuclear Technology
September 2026
Fusion Science and Technology
August 2026
Latest News
LLNL, Ampera partner to develop thorium-based TRISO fuel
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has formed a strategic partnership with Ampera to develop the company’s nuclear fuel concept through a project named THUNDER, for Thorium Unimodal Droplet Ejection for Reactors.
The focus of THUNDER is fabricating TRISO made with kernels of thorium rather than the usual uranium. LLNL and Ampera will evaluate and optimize liquid metal–jetting technology to produce highly uniform, spherical kernels of thorium-232 for later processing into TRISO fuel.
Donald G. Schweitzer, Cesar A. Sastre
Nuclear Technology | Volume 86 | Number 3 | September 1989 | Pages 305-312
Technical Paper | Radioactive Waste Management | doi.org/10.13182/NT89-A34298
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
At present, only one concept, the Swedish design utilizing a thick-walled copper waste package, has been accepted as being capable of isolating high-level waste for hundreds of thousands of years in a granite-type repository. Theoretical arguments show that after the relatively short times required for salt consolidation selfshielded thin-walled copper waste packages have no significant failure or degradation reactions in anoxic neutral and acid brines. Thermodynamic analyses of reactions after consolidation (constant-volume reactions under lithostatic pressures in the absence of oxygen) show that miniscule amounts of metal reacting with brine can produce very large hydrogen pressures. For copper waste packages, almost no consumption of copper is required to produce the small equilibrium hydrogen pressure needed to prevent reaction. Reaction under these conditions no longer depends on poorly understood corrosion mechanisms, but results from hypothetical mechanisms that allow the equilibrium hydrogen to migrate away from the waste package. Analyses of gamma radiolysis and diffusion processes show that in an array of thousands of waste packages removal of hydrogen from the outer packages should be negligible for a properly selected salt repository.