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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
T. Sampat Sridhar
Nuclear Technology | Volume 85 | Number 3 | June 1989 | Pages 314-323
Technical Paper | Radioactive Waste Management | doi.org/10.13182/NT89-A34253
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The Canadian Nuclear Fuel Waste Management Program requires that research and development be carried out to establish the technology to treat and immobilize the high-level liquid waste (HLLW) that would arise in future Canada deuterium-uranium (CANDU) fuel recycle operations. A preindustrial scale facility called the Waste Immobilization Process Engineering facility has been designed and built at the Whiteshell Nuclear Research Establishment specifically for process evaluations and development studies. Since its installation and commissioning early in 1985, ten major campaigns have been performed with simulated HLLW solutions. A brief description of the facility is given, along with the results obtained in one of the campaigns. The overall performance of the facility has been very good with no major operational problems. The performance of the Roto-Spray Calciner has been excellent, and it has operated for a cumulative time of >10 000 h. The performance of the Joule melter has been equally good, except for some maintenance problems associated with the auxiliary heaters and components such as the solid feeders and off-gas lines. Being modular in design, the facility is amenable to testing flow sheet options and production of advanced waste forms at a future date with incorporation of alternative process modules.