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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Karen H. Koger, M. Jonathan Haire, Brett L. Humphrys, Jay F. Manneschmidt, Keiichi Setoguchi, Ryodai Nakai
Nuclear Technology | Volume 85 | Number 3 | June 1989 | Pages 251-258
Technical Paper | Fission Reactor | doi.org/10.13182/NT89-A34247
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Availability information contained within the Centralized Reliability Data Organization (CREDO) liquid-metal reactor (LMR) data base is presented, and the availability critical items lists are developed. Individual components are ranked in prioritized lists from worst to best performers from an availability standpoint. Availability, as used here, is assumed to be an inherent characteristic of the component and is not necessarily assumed to be related to plant operability. A major observation is that of ∼5000 components analyzed at each reactor site, a few components have a much higher unavailability factor than the average. In particular, 15 components contribute 93, 77, and 87% of the total system unavailability for the Experimental Breeder Reactor II, the Fast Flux Test Facility, and the Japanese Experimental Fast Reactor (JOYO), respectively. Critical components common to all three sites are mechanical pumps and electromagnetic pumps. By identifying components in this way, site personnel will be more efficient in their attempts at increasing overall system availability; i.e., attention can be focused on components that have a high contribution to overall system unavailability. All three sites demonstrate that low maintainability (i.e., long repair times) is about twice as likely to contribute to unavailability of a component than unreliability (i.e., high failure rates). The analyses were conducted using data and information from CREDO, the largest repository of LMR component reliability data in the world. The system is cosponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy and the Power Reactor and Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation of Japan. The CREDO data base contains information on a population of >20 000 components and addresses ∼1500 events (i.e., abnormal component occurrences). A conservative estimation is that total component operating hours approaches 2.2 billion hours.