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LLNL, Ampera partner to develop thorium-based TRISO fuel
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has formed a strategic partnership with Ampera to develop the company’s nuclear fuel concept through a project named THUNDER, for Thorium Unimodal Droplet Ejection for Reactors.
The focus of THUNDER is fabricating TRISO made with kernels of thorium rather than the usual uranium. LLNL and Ampera will evaluate and optimize liquid metal–jetting technology to produce highly uniform, spherical kernels of thorium-232 for later processing into TRISO fuel.
John F. Geldard, Adolph L. Beyerlein
Nuclear Technology | Volume 85 | Number 2 | May 1989 | Pages 172-186
Technical Paper | Chemical Processing | doi.org/10.13182/NT89-A34239
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The mathematical basis for a computer code CUSEP (Clemson University Solvent Extraction Program) is described. The code simulates the temporal and steady-state concentration profiles in pulsed column contactors using the Purex process. Advantage is taken of the cellular structure of a pulsed column contactor caused by the presence of sieve plates and the turbulent flow to generate a set of equations that explicitly contain the instantaneous flow of the fluids caused by the pulse frequency and amplitude. The assumption is made that there are volumes in the contactors within which the time-averaged concentrations can be regarded as uniform. The size of these volumes is defined in terms of a parameter whose value is obtained by calibration against experimental data. Longitudinal diffusive remixing is shown to be negligible in comparison to convective remixing caused by the pulsing. Mass transfer between phases can occur at the equilibrium limit or can be allowed to deviate from it. The deviation is accounted for by a mass transfer area that is determined by the average size of droplets in the pulsed column and a mass transfer coefficient that is treated as a second input parameter. The code has been used to generate concentration profiles in several extraction (A-type) and stripping (E-type) contactors and in a partitioning (B-type) contactor. Agreement between calculated and available experimental concentration profiles is good.