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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Nikolay Ivanov Kolev
Nuclear Technology | Volume 83 | Number 1 | October 1988 | Pages 65-80
Technical Paper | Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow | doi.org/10.13182/NT88-A34176
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
High-pressure gas injection into a low-pressure liquid pool with a free surface in cylindrical geometry with internals was numerically simulated using the computer code IVA2/005. Bubble formation and pressure history as a function of time were predicted and compared with the experimental observation for a 0.6-MPa pressure source. A comparison with the previous prediction of a 1.1-MPa pressure source experiment is made. Numerical diffusion and flow pattern prediction influence the gas propagation, which influences in turn the sharpness of the predicted bubble and water surface and the pressure history in time. The same geometry, but with a gas, was computationally simulated. The comparison proves that the code integrator works well without a constitutive package. Methods to measure the reduction of numerical diffusion are proposed. Comparison with the tree acoustic experiments shows that IVA2 can simulate pressure wave phenomena in two-phase two-component mixtures with strong nonhomogeneity.